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What is the reason EVs include on board AC-DC converters?
On-board AC-DC converters also commonly known as on-board chargers (OBCs) are essential to the functionality of electric vehicles (EVs) and have high customization requirements. Such devices are vital in safe and efficient use of the released electricity which is supplied to the EVs by the different sources.
Facilitating AC-Power Source Compatibility.
The primary purpose of an onboard AC-DC converter is to provide a pathway between the onboard charge (alternative current (AC)) offered by the vast majority of charging stations and household outlets and the one in which batteries of EV store direct current (DC). These batteries cannot store or utilize DC energy; nor can they store or utilize AC energy. EVs were not able to harness the AC power that is dominant in the residential, commercial and public grids without onboard converter. This compatibility is essential because it will allow the drivers to recharge their vehicles in the currently existing wall outlets, Level 2 chargers or three-phase commercial supply without applying external conversion devices.
Control of Power Intake to achieve Battery Safety.
The current and voltage delivered in the process of charging have significant impacts on the EV batteries. Onboard AC-DC converters execute the functions of regulators and stabilize the voltage range of AC input to be in line with the specifications of the battery. To prevent overcharging, overheating or destruction of battery cells they maintain DC output within the safe range. As an example, with a three-phase charger of 22 kW, the converter will adjust the power to that which the battery accepts at any given time, either 11 kW or 22 kW, and avoid overstrain which would wear out the battery sooner than desired. Such precision is essential to the well-being of the battery as well as the safe usage throughout the life of the car.
Acclimatization to the Variable Charging Conditions.
There can be a wide range of charging applications, and charging at home on a 120V slow outlet to a Level 2 charger operating on 240V can be used. Onboard converters triumph this fluctuation and are carried away with the power source. A converter could rather utilize 3.3 kW in standard outlet, 7.2 or 11 kW in a Level 2 charger and 22 kW in a three phase feed. Its flexibility makes EVs effective to be charged easily in various settings and environments both on the long and short routes.
In favor of Energy Efficiency and Smart Charging.
The design of the onboard AC-DC converter is of high modernization because less power loss is registered during the conversion of the AC to DC hence energy efficient. This efficiency saves on charge up time and saves money expended on electricity to the drivers. Additionally, many converters are connected to intelligent systems in the car and that is why such option as the timely charge emerged. Since there is the communications with the onboard computer of the car, the converter is capable of postponing the charging process until the power price is minimal to ensure that it can be as efficient as possible and the costs can be kept low. The given configuration makes the smart charging solutions significantly easier to operate and typically makes the price of having an EV significantly easier to handle.
In brief, accessible power is controlled on the onboard AC-DC converters that must correspond to the AC power grids to ensure the security of the batteries and control charging under a multiplicity of conditions, and obtain smart and efficient charging. Their key technical feature is the opportunity to add EVs to the most everyday electric power networks, and provide the adequate safety to primary components of battery which enables to make inverters one of the masterpieces of the electric car technology.
